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    • 460 upcoming crude oil refinery projects are expected to start operations from 2022 to 2026 • 118 represent new build projects and 342 are expansions of existing projects • Predictably Asia dominates with the highest capacity additions of 7.3 mmbd by 2026. The Middle East and Africa follow with capacities of 3.8 mmbd and 3.6 mmbd, respectively • China leads with the highest refinery capacity addition of 3.4 mmbd by 2026. Nigeria and India follow with capacities of 1.7 mmbd and 1.6 mmbd, respectively • The Lagos I project in Nigeria with a capacity of 650 thousand barrels per day (mbd) leads in terms of refinery capacity. Visit MY BLOG http://polymerguru.blogspot.com

  📢Saturday Spotlight!📢 Cycling forward with bike frame materials and processes! "Are carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bicycle frames poised for a “great reshoring” — the return of production to locales near the customer base — or will they continue to be fabricated and shipped largely from Asian countries, as the vast majority are today? The short answer, according to bike manufacturers interviewed by CW, is that Asia will continue to predominate. Still, noteworthy changes to the bicycle manufacturing landscape are evident." "CFRP frame manufacturing is making inroads in North America and Europe, where most CFRP bike enthusiasts reside. “One of the biggest differences [between offshore and reshored manufacturing] is product ownership,” emphasizes Dave Luyckx, chief product officer at Leuven, Belgium-based Rein4ced. “Asia doesn’t have a bicycle culture, but we have this cycling culture that infuses passion into the product.” "Of course, cycling passion must

  Have a look at this beautiful microscopy! This scanning electron microscope image shows a carbon-carbon composite composed of carbon fibers (in blue) and silicon carbide (in brown)!  Besides high mass-specific properties and high thermal stability, functional properties like low thermal expansion and good tribological behavior play increasing importance in commercial applications of carbon-carbon composites. Originally developed for space and military applications, nowadays this class of materials is mainly used in brake disks and pads, clutches, calibration plates, or furnace charging devices!  Source: managing composites

A team of researchers from the CSIC has discovered that the saliva of the waxworm degrades plastic, which could have numerous applications in the treatment or recycling of plastic waste. Enzymatic Degradation of Plastic: The team discovered in 2017 that this species of worm (Lepidoptera Galleria mellonella) is capable of breaking down plastic (polyethylene), and now they have discovered it does so with their saliva containing enzymes (from the phenoloxidase family) that initiate the degradation of polyethylene in a short time and at room temperature. "To degrade the plastic it is necessary that oxygen penetrates the polymer (into the plastic molecule)," explains Federica Bertocchini CSIC researcher at the Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC) who directed the study. "This first step of oxidation, which is usually the result of exposure to sunlight or high temperatures, is a bottleneck that slows down the degradation of plastics such as polyethylene, one of the most r

  📣Connecting the Dots!📣 "@Porsche knows that its classic designs are as popular today as they were before they became classics, so it is metering out to the market a series of four Heritage Design models. The second model (with the first being the 911 Targa 4S Heritage Design Edition, launched in 2020) has just been announced: the 911 Sport Classic. It features a ducktail spoiler that is a nod to the 911 Carrera RS 2.7 of 1972 and 1973." "And while it might be something of a stretch to justify its appearance in CompositesWorld simply on a CFRP spoiler, know that the hood is also made with the material — and that’s not the case on the 911 Turbo S, the vehicle upon which this specialized version is based. The hood is formed with a dip in the center, a design cue that is echoed on the roof, which is also CFRP." "But it is not like the 911 Sport Classic is going to be produced in mass quantiles. In fact, just 1,250 will be built." Source: #thenativelab  

  I have submitted a project report on the Indian Type 4 Composite Cylinder market for Indian and European clients this week. I have covered an overview landscape of the market, swot analysis, latest technological advancements, certification, Investment structure, etc stated in detail in the report. Interested companies do write to me by email at rosaram211@gmail.com to get more information. Visit MY BLOG http://polymerguru.blogspot.com

  Plant-based epoxy enables recyclable carbon fibre! "Thanks to recent advances in bio-based material design, recycling carbon fiber at an industrial scale could already be close at hand. Through a project supported by the US Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office, under the Composites Core Program, Rorrer and other NREL researchers have shown that making carbon-fiber composites with bio-based epoxies and anhydride hardeners makes the material fully recyclable by introducing linkages that are more easily degraded. In fact, the recycling process — called methanolysis — can be selectively triggered at room temperature without degrading the quality or orientation of the fibers. That could represent a strong step toward a circular material, which can make carbon fiber cheaper and greener when used across multiple lives." "The thermoset-nature of the cured epoxy makes those superior products difficult to break apart, especially without severely damaging the ca

  📣Composites Showcase!📣 Let's learn more about the introduction of composite materials in tennis racquets! For many years, tennis was played with wooden rackets. There was some experimentation with laminating woods, but Bill Severa, Wilson’s global director of technology says the wood rackets remained pretty much the same from the early teens [in the 20th century] up until the mid-60s. "The wood rackets were all based off natural wood and while we sold millions and millions of rackets in those years, there was no real definite evolution," he says. That evolution took public shape in 1967. But it started in 1953, when Frenchman René Lacoste came up with a design for a metal racket, patenting it that same year. Wilson later acquired the rights to it and in 1967, players grew intrigued enough by the Wilson-made T2000 that it showed up in tournaments. It made its first appearance in the Wilson catalog in 1969. And with wood finding a challenger in steel, the race for new m

  SUICIDE RATE: More than 700 000 people die due to suicide every year. For every suicide, there are many more people who attempt suicide. A prior suicide attempt is the single most important risk factor for suicide in the general population. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15-19 year-olds. 77% of global suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Ingestion of pesticides, hanging, and firearms are among the most common methods of suicide globally. Prevention: limit access to the means of suicide (e.g. pesticides, firearms, certain medications); interact with the media for responsible reporting of suicide; foster socio-emotional life skills in adolescents; early identify, assess, manage and follow up with anyone who is affected by suicidal behaviors Post pandemic period has played a vital role in the increasing number of suicide. This generation leads to comfort life, learning and believing the news comes from social media only. Not finding time to go out to m