๐๐จ๐๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ : ๐๐ซ๐๐ณ๐ → ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค → ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค
๐๐จ๐๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐ณ๐ → ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค → ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค When we see a broken plastic part, our attention immediately goes to the fracture. That is the visible failure. The moment when the component can no longer perform its function. But did the failure really start there? In many polymers, the answer is no. The process often begins with a craze, a localized region where microvoids and fibrillar structures start to develop under stress. At this stage, the part is usually still functional. Sometimes, the only visible sign is a slight whitening of the material. As loading continues, these regions can grow and eventually develop into cracks. Once a crack forms, the remaining life of the component becomes significantly shorter, until the final stage is reached: fracture. What makes this particularly interesting from an injection molding perspective is that the origin of the problem is not always found in the application itself. Residual stresses from molding, m...
