Today's KNOWLEDGE Share:Co2 Emission from the gas tank of the car.

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share

656 tonnes of oil sands to be extracted to fill the tank of a single car during its life on the road.

This is a gas tank. Over the lifetime of a single gas powered car consuming 8 L/100 km, approximately 656 tonnes of oil sands will have to be extracted to fill this tank. According to Alberta government documents, it takes an average of 2 tonnes of oil sands extracted to produce a single barrel of synthetic crude oil (159 liters).* Some say more like 2.5 tonnes per barrel, but let's go with the official figures.

In 300,000 km, the car will need 24,000 liters of petrol. With one barrel of crude oil, we make about 73 liters of gasoline.

24,000 Litres / 73 Litres = 328 barrels X 2 tonnes per barrel = 656 tonnes of oil sands to extract for a single car.

24,000 Litres X 2.3 kg of CO2 per liter of gas burnt in the car = 55,200 kg of CO2. If we add 25% for gasoline production (upstream GHG emissions), we arrive at just under 70,000 kg of CO2 for a single car (70 tonnes), or 43 times the weight of a Toyota Camry.

In closing, let me remind you that exactly 0% of this burnt gasoline can be recycled.

Source:Daniel Breton

Ref:https://lnkd.in/exhXtZ69

https://lnkd.in/eXFgDFs7

Baerlocher USA Launches PFAS-free PPAs for Rapid Melt Fracture in HDPE and LLDPE

Baerlocher USA, part of the Baerlocher Group, announces the introduction of Baerolub® AID polymer processing aids (PPAs) to help customers smooth transition from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Baerlocher’s new PPA for blown film, pipe and wire & cable are free of PFAS and siloxanes, are cost-competitive with existing and new PPA solutions, and are compatible with other additives used in film, such as anti-block or slip agents.

Providing Better Haze Performance than PFAS-PPAs

Baerolub AID PPAs deliver rapid melt fracture clearing for metallocene and Ziegler Natta linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), equaling or surpassing clearing times of traditional PPAs containing PFAS.

Because Baerolub AID PPAs are soluble in the polymer matrix, they provide better haze performance than insoluble PFAS-containing PPAs and excellent control of frost line height. Baerlocher USA’s new products can also reduce die build-up and extruder pressure. Because they are designed for maximum compliance with global food contact regulations, Baerolub AID PPAs are well suited for applications including polyethylene films for food packaging and resins for potable water pipes.

Baerolub AID products are available as neat additives (pastilles, rods, granules and powders), custom blends and in masterbatch form. Baerlocher also offers customers regulatory expertise and support for lab and technical screening, blown film testing and preparation for production trials.

“Current and evolving European Union and U.S. Federal and state regulations are forcing the plastic industry to look for new alternatives to PFAS-based processing aids,” said Chad Harlan, strategic business unit head, Baerlocher. “To meet this need, Baerlocher USA developed Baerolub AID PPAs featuring proprietary, PFAS-free chemistry; a breakthrough that has propelled us into a leading position in the PPA space. Our new products check all the boxes for performance, cost-effectiveness, regulatory compliance, and reliable supply. Upstream customers are enthusiastically adopting Baerolub AID products and blown film converters routinely request our technology.”

Robert Sherman, Ph.D., technical director for Baerlocher USA, noted, “To give our customers a choice, we developed two grades of Baerolub AID. If you’re looking for the fastest time to clear the melt fracture in metallocene LLDPE, consider Baerolub AID 2201. In certain conditions, you may wish to select Baerolub AID 2202, which provides excellent melt clearing times compared to traditional PPAs.”

Baerlocher USA, part of the Baerlocher Group, a leading global supplier of plastics additives, today announced the introduction of Baerolub® AID polymer processing aids (PPAs) to help customers smoothly transition from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Source:Source: Baerlocher GmbH

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Today's KNOWLEDGE Share:Discovery of Hydrogen in 1766

 Today's KNOWLEDGE Share

In 1766, Henry Cavendish's groundbreaking experiments with acids led to the discovery of hydrogen, a momentous scientific achievement.

This invisible and highly flammable gas marked the inception of our understanding of the element. Cavendish's work laid the foundation for the study of chemistry and the eventual realization of hydrogen's significance in numerous industrial applications, from fuel to advanced technology.

Source:Stargate

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#greenhydrogen  #electrolysers

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share:Skin is in Tension

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share

I recently talked about residual stresses on the skin of a molded part, since that could be critical for part performance .

But how can you verify if a skin is in tension ? ESCR is one way, but you can also use this neat "layer removal" method.

If you machine out say 50 microns, and observe the remainder of the part, a curvature will appear due to the broken force moment equilibrium. If the part bends downward, the skin is indeed in tension (keeping the part straight to begin with)!

If it bends upwards, the skin is in compression.

Quantitative methods, initially limited to homogeneous and isotropic materials, have been developed to reconstruct the entire residual stress profile from successive layer removal.

Source:Vito leo

Blog: http://polymerguru.blogspot.com

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share Why is Nylon 66 better than Nylon 6?

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share

Why is Nylon 66 better than Nylon 6?

Nylon was discovered by Wallace Hume Carothers. A chemist hired in 1928 by DuPont de Nemours to lead an extensive research program on the design of original polymeric materials. In 1935, he developed the formula known as PA 66:

Nylon 66 and Nylon 6 are both types of nylon, a strong, durable, and versatile plastic material that has a wide range of applications. However, there are some key differences between the two that make Nylon 66 better suited for certain applications than Nylon 6.

Strength: Nylon 66 has a higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, which means that it is stronger and more durable than Nylon 6. This makes it a better choice for applications that require high strength and durability.

Temperature Resistance: Nylon 66 is able to withstand higher temperatures than Nylon 6, making it more suitable for applications that involve exposure to high temperatures, such as Frac Sand and other Industrial applications.

Moisture absorption: Nylon 66 has a lower moisture absorption rate than Nylon 6, this means that it is less affected by changes in moisture levels and will maintain its strength and dimensional stability better.

Cost: While Nylon 66 is more expensive than Nylon 6, and this can be a factor when choosing a material to meet the requirements.

Nylon 66 is a stronger and more durable material than Nylon 6, it has better temperature and moisture resistance, making it a better choice for applications that require high strength, durability and resistance to different environmental factors.

Source:Dean Wedekind

OMCs hike ethanol procurement prices by Rs 6.87/litre: Oil ministry

State-run oil marketing companies bumped up the procurement price of ethanol made from C heavy molasses by Rs 6.87 per litre for the 2023-24 supply season, in a bid to to maximize #ethanol production and improve its availability for blending it with petrol.

The latest price hike takes the price to Rs 56.28 per litre, higher than the previous season's Rs 49.41 per litre announced last year. The move come as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government aims to achieve 20% blending of ethanol in petrol by 2025 from the present levels of 10%.

C molasses, a by product of sugar factory and its utilization for ethanol production, is an effective way to promote green economy, ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas said on December 29.

India, which is the fifth-largest producer of ethanol in the world, is pushing for the blending of ethanol — which can be done domestically — in petrol, to become self-reliant in energy as the country imports nearly 85 percent of its oil needs.

C-heavy molasses accounted for 1% of ethanol production last ESY

During ESY 2022-23, OMCs floated tender for the procurement of 599.7 crore litres of ethanol, against which Letters of Intent (LoIs) for 567 crore litres were issued. While sugarcane juice accounted for 25 percent of the total ethanol production, B-heavy molasses accounted for 45 percent, C-heavy molasses accounted for 1 percent and foodgrains accounted for 29 percent.

According to sources, OMCs will be looking to procure 5.62 billion litres of ethanol, out of which 47.86 percent is expected to come from B and C-heavy molasses, while the rest will come from grains. India's sugar production in ESY 2023-24 is estimated to be around 29 Million Tonnes (MT), down from 33 MT produced in ESY 2022-23.

Source:www.moneycontrol.com/www.energywatch.in

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Today's KNOWLEDGE Share : Hill Helicopters

Today's KNOWLEDGE Share

Hill Helicopters is on a mission to build the world's first truly private helicopter, engineered for flight, designed for owners! 

For that, they took the bold decision to make the main composite structure of the HX50 in a single piece: A monolithic carbon fiber crash cell, beautifully styled and aerodynamically sculpted, that gives them the balance of performance, strength and cost effectiveness! 

The company has been able to demonstrate that their approach to making a monolarge in a single piece not only works, but is remarkably cost-effective. 

Source:Hill Helicopters/Marcelo Magiero Webster

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