๐๐จ๐๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ : ๐๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ง๐ง๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง: ๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง
๐๐จ๐๐๐ฒ'๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ง๐ง๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง: ๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง As the global hydrogen economy advances, the development of safe, lightweight, and durable high-pressure storage systems is becoming increasingly important for hydrogen mobility. Among the key engineering challenges, hydrogen permeation through polymer liners remains a critical consideration in the design and development of Type IV composite pressure vessels. ๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง Hydrogen is the lightest element, and molecular hydrogen (H₂) can diffuse through polymeric materials. Its permeation behaviour depends on several factors, including polymer chemistry, molecular structure, temperature, pressure, and material condition. For automotive hydrogen storage systems operating at nominal working pressures of up to 700 bar (70 MPa), controlling permeation...